AP World free essay sample

What factors contemporaneous observers attributed the rise and fall of the Muslim empires? which factors made them successful, which factors weakened empires? Discuss overall strengths and weaknesses additional documents to help access rise and fall of Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals? Documents: Document 1: SAFAVID â€Å"great liking for warfare and weapons of war†¦fine soldier and very skilled, and his men so dexterous—use of muskets†? †realm extended and soldiers receive pay all year† ? Paul Simon, missionary to Safavid Court of Shah Abbas The Great in the city of Isfaha, 1605—visitor to Safavid court, therefore perhaps biased in treatment of soldiers and men? court has only the best of the best. Plus biased towards Europe, therefore men are â€Å"little behind our men in Europe. † ? success of the empire was its treatment of the recruited slave youth into the army and bureaucracy? backbone of army and loyal to Abbas I. Document 2: MUGHAL Revenues collected â€Å"3,960. 3 million dams† while expenditures were â€Å"3784. We will write a custom essay sample on AP World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2 million dams†, a good â€Å"187. 4† on the imperial household itself, another 359 for the central military establishment and an astounding 3237. 8 on the imperial nobility. ? most of the population in India lived in poverty, the splendor of the regime mostly the Mughal nobility. ?Bureaucracy and army grown bloated and corrupt, peasants and urban workers have lower living standards? warfare (Aurangzeb) and elaborate architecture (shah Jahan) cost empire against Invaders. Document 3: OTTOMAN â€Å"considers each case on its own merits†Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Å"no distinction is attached to birth among the Turks†? †honors, high posts and judgeships are the rewards of great ability and good service†: meritocracy in Suleiman the Magnificent’s court: Ottoman Empire has freedom of religion, prevents rebellions from conquered territories. Many advisors to the Sultan, religious scholars, legal experts, dhimmis (people of the book)? underneath ruling class also existed a sizeable merchant and artisan class?  however Busbecq, the Hapsburg Ambassador visited the Ottomans during their â€Å"golden age†, and Suleiman himself killed his own son when he was afraid of a conspiracy (perhaps very good at hiding corruption? fall of empire increase when Ottoman bureaucracy grows corrupt anyway Document 4: MUGHAL â€Å"spend much time in the Hall of Worship in the company of learned men and sheiks†¦Sufi’s obscenities†¦learn ed monks from Europe†¦Christianity†¦religion of [Zoroaster], yogis† written by opponent of religious policies, therefore biased in Akbar’s openness to religion and could have dramatized his meetings with different religions. Akbar fostered tolerance for all religions and wished top remove distinctions between Muslims and Non-Muslims in empire (din I llahi), however by the end of the 16th century, relations between religions worsened, causing conflict that would attribute to the Hindu-Muslim enmity (empire decline) Document 5: MUGHAL â€Å"have an authority almost absolute over the peasantry†¦nothing can be imagined more cruel and oppressive than the manner in which it is exercised† –lived in Ottoman Empire, India, foreign employee of Mughal emperor and French?  easily could have been biased and fed-up with the many officials that made peasants and laborers work their lands for the oppressive demands? caused peasant uprisings and flights that resulted in abandonment of cultivated lands that led to social dislocations that further drained the empires resources—contributed to both the fall of the Ottoman and Mughal empire.  (for Mughal empire: peasant uprisings and revolts by m uslims and hindu princes in the north? growing autonomy of local leaders) Document 6: OTTOMAN â€Å"foreign commerce of the Turks is comparatively trifling†¦ They have few bills of exchange, or any of the modes of transacting business†¦ the watchful avarice of the government produce upon commerce, are striking† ?  british consul and merchant (Europeans have better money standards/trade networks) therefore likely to be biased against the Ottoman Turks and their methods of trade; Ottoman Turks are filled with merchant and artisan classes, therefore â€Å"greed† is likely to be abundant throughout the empire00 government inspecters employed to ensure standard weight were used and would also regulate the entry of apprentice artisans and quality of goods produced—overall trafe was supposed to have been incredibly good, despite Eton’s commentary, but the ottoman wealthy soon did become corrupt and in need for more expensive goods, leading to the demise of the empire Document 7: SAFAVID â€Å"monarch was effeminate and inefficient†¦intoxication of absolute power†¦love of wine, in which this prince oft en indulged to excess, was the cause of all the evils of his reign†? â€Å"to the public officers of government he was severe† –the ambassador to the Safavid Court was British, and during the mid-1600s was when England was still undergoing religious conflicts from the earlier 15th century—most likely religious, therefore could have dramatized the account of Shahs Safi and Abbas the II’s indulgence. Overall, however, the practice of confining the princes to the atmosphere of luxury and intrigue that permeated the court led to a sharp fall in the quality of Safavid rulers. The imperial administration declined, factional disputes and rebellions shook the empire, and the Safavids had little to gain from their treasury? besieged by Afghani tribes Document 8: OTTOMAN â€Å"poor peasants should not be troubled†? For it has been said that the basis of the ruler’s system is the man of consequence, and the raising of troops requires the paying of ready money by the Treasury†¦. granting of justice and the punishment of oppressors†Ã¢â‚¬â€Turkish official, biased towards the Sultan?  in the early centuries, Ottoman sultans were capable (effective administration and tax relief for people annexed to empire; regulation of trade was helpful to economic prosperity of empire, but growth of corruption among ottoman officials leads to regional and local officials obtaini ng revenue for own purposes + oppression of poor = fall of Ottoman empire; overall fall due to growing problems at the center of imperial administration Additional Documents that could help would be accounts from local leaders on the treatment of peasants, more accounts of expenditures throughout the empires, accounts from a non-muslim leader in the government, a military leader who had risen through meritocracy

Substance Abuse Prevention Essays - Substance Abuse, Human Behavior

Substance Abuse Prevention Essays - Substance Abuse, Human Behavior Substance Abuse Prevention Substance Abuse Prevention Community Assessment The community that we have chosen to assess is Springfield, Missouri. Springfield is located in Green County in Southwest. According to the USDC, Bureau of the Census in 1999 the population estimate for the Springfield Metropolitan area was 308,332. The annual population growth rate is 1.8% for Springfield. This is compared to 0.6% for the state of Missouri and 1.2% for the United States. Population density of Springfield is 2,068 people per square mile. Comparatively speaking this density is located between the densities of Kansas City (1,397 people per square mile) and St. Louis (6,406 people per square mile). The average family size of Springfield is 2.96 and the approximate percentage of persons in a family is 77.6%. The age-sex pyramid for Springfield MSA has peaks around 15-24 and 35-44 for both males and females. Overall the chart shows that Springfield has a slow to medium growth pattern. The population of Springfield is predominantly Caucasian while Asians, African-Americans and Hispanics represent a very small percentage of the population. Of the total workforce of 171,577 in Springfield only 3,305 people are unemployed which is 1.9% of the total workforce. Since 1990, as a general trend, unemployment rate has dropped from about 5.6% to the current level. According to the Missouri Division of Workforce Development in August 2000 the total breakdown of persons employed by sector is as follows: Number Employed Percentage of workforce Government 19,600 11.4% Services 49,500 28.9% Finance 8,700 5.1% Retail 33,700 19.6% Wholesale 11,100 6.5% Transportation & Utilities 12,800 7.5% Mining & Construction 8,600 5.0% Manufacturing 23,500 13.7% Other 4,077 2.4% According to the Missouri State Census Data Center, the median household income in 1995-1996 was $31,499 and the BEA Per Capita Income was $25,059. There are several major employers in the Springfield MSA. These include Bass Pro Shops, The Battlefield Mall, Tracker Boats, Prime Trucking, Cox North Hospital, Cox South Hospital, Saint Johns Hospital, John Q Hammons Enterprises, as well as several government state and county offices. The Springfield school systems are also a major employer of the city. The school system is one of the strongest in Missouri. The largest high school, Kickapoo, has received Gold Star and Blue Ribbon national recognition for outstanding secondary schools. The three major problems areas in Springfield are alcohol abuse including dunk driving and use by minors, tobacco use, and use of marijuana primarily among adolescents. These three major problems are influenced by many different risk factors. 1. Factors contributing to alcohol abuse: The two main problem areas that have been noted within alcohol abuse are drunk driving, and minors consuming alcoholic beverages. It seems that many people who drink and drive do so as a direct act of defiance for the law. Other possible risk factor for drinking and driving include peer pressure, and lack of overall law enforcement which leads to feelings of security. Minors consuming alcohol is a totally different situation. This use generally stems from lack of parental influence, depression, resistance to authority, lack of law enforcement, and easy access to alcohol. 2. Factors contributing to tobacco use: There are several risk factors that lead to the use of tobacco products. Generally people begin using as a result of peer pressure, observation of role models smoking, lack of parental supervision, high tolerance for deviance, and exposure to advertising. 3. Factors contributing to the use of marijuana: A few of these factors are rebelliousness, nonconformity to family values, resistance to authority, relatively easy access, and an overall lack of anti-drug enforcement. With these three main problems now established, it is important to see the way that various individuals or groups of individuals throughout the community can help to prevent these problems: 1. Individual: The individual is responsible for making productive decisions that will help to get his or her life back on the right path away from any type of abuse or addiction. Also, the individual must be responsible enough to recognize that there is a problem and ask for help if necessary. 2. Peer Group: It is essential that the peer group provide a supportive network for the individual to overcome his or her problems. It is also the responsibility of the peer group to seek help for the individual when necessary. 3. Parental: The parents play a key role